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LESSON 20 LAWYERS AT WORK |
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-правові справи / питання -хто офіційно отримав кваліфікує- TERMS AND EXPRESSIONS legal affairs \ legal matters J who has become officially qualified to qualify attorney public prosecutor banister цію для роботи, хто став офіційно придатним для роботи ... -Визначати, кваліфікувати-атторней; адвокат; повірений-публічний, суспільний / державний обвинувач-баррістер (адвокат, що має право виступати у вищих судах)-соллісітор; стряпчий; юрисконсульт-обговорювати справу-право виступати в суді solicitor to argue a case the right to be heard \ the right of audience J client to practice as to come before a court to handle legal work to draw up a will litigation courtroom to make investigation to prepare documents range of work to prepare defenses for libel matter to libel to specialize in stockbroker to prepare / draw up a contract share transactions-клієнт; замовник-практикувати; займатися-проходити в суді, через суд / постати перед судом -рассматрівать/разбірать правові питання-складати заповіт-тяжба; судовий спір-зал судового засідання-проводити рас слідування / вивчати-готувати документи - діапазон роботи-готувати захист для ... -Справа, що містить пасквіль (наклеп через друк)-навішувати будь-кому ярлик-спеціалізуватися в / по ... -Біржовий маклер-складати контракт-угоди з акціями 147 legal profession whose lives are not so secure welfare rights fee-paying clients to subsidize ['sjvbsidaizj lawyers involved in human lights Amnesty International legal services to be entitled to to face criminal prosecution government-funded про професія юриста / адвоката; адвокатського стан жиз ні яких не настільки забезпечені / безпечні прав про на благодійність, на допомогу, на благополуччя -кліє нти, виплачу івающ ие гонору Р -субси ідіровать - юристи, які беруть участь у боротьбі за цивільні права - організація "Міжнародна Амніс ку "- представлення законних послуг-мати право на ... -Постати перед судом у кримінальній звинуваченням-субсидований урядом-Раду з надання правової допомоги INTRODUCTORY EXERCISES Н Рекомендується для усного перекладу (переклад з повторенням попереднього пропозиції, можна використовувати записи): 1. In most countries, once a lawyer is fully qualified he receives a certificate proving his right to sell his services. 2. There are also insurance provisions so that if a lawyer is ever successfully sued by a client for professional incompetence there will be funds available to enable him to pay damages. 3. Those damages may be extremely large in the case of lawyers dealing with prop erty transactions. 4. Even if a lawyer is very competent, he must take care not to break the many rules Відредагував і опублікував на сайті: PRESSI (HERSON) of procedure and ethics set by the body which regulates his profession. 5. In England, the body regulating the conduct of solicitor is the law Society. 6. Among other things, it sets rules for lawyers 'accounting procedures and investi gates complaints against lawyers by their clients. 7. There is also a Solicitor's Disciplinary Tribunal with the power to suspend or even disqualify (or strike off) a solicitor. 8. Since its members are themselves solicitors some people fear that it may not be completely impartial (неупереджений) 148. . ҐІ Переведіть текст усно на слух (може бути використаний для абзацний-фразового перекладу. Дайте визначення слову "Legalese"}: Legalese Although lawyers come from a variety of backgrounds and do a variety of work, as a profession they often appear rather remote and difficult to understand. Perhaps one reason for this is legalese - the strange and incomprehensible language so many lawyers seem to write and speak. This is not just a feature "of English-speaking lawyers. People afi over the world complain that they cannot understand court proceedings or legal documents. Of course ah professions have their own jargon. The use of some special words can be justified because they refer to matters which are important to a particular profession but not important to most people in everyday life. But sometimes it seems that jargon is a way of creating a. mystery about a profession of distinguishing people on the inside (economist, doctors, teachers) from those on the outside. In recent times lawyers have made efforts to make their profession less mysterious. After all, their job is supposed to be to clarify matters for the public, not to make them more complicated! This is particularly so in the United States where lawyers openly advertise their services to the public and where special clothes and wigs, still a feature of the English system, have mostly disappeared. But it seems likely that legalese will survive for a long time to come. One reason for this is that old documents and reports of old cases have great importance in law, particularly in common law systems. Another reason is that rewriting laws is a slow and painstaking process . jargon ['djaigsn] - жаргон, незрозумілий мову eventuality [i.ventju' aelitij - можливий випадок, можливість, випадковість loophole - зд. лазівка, виверт ^ Переведіть текст на російську мову (рекомендується для зорово-усного і зорово-письмового перекладу); Lawyers at Work Professional Titles Although many kinds of people working in or studying legal affairs are referred to as lawyers, the wcrd really describes a person who has become officially qualified to асі in certain legal matters because of examinations he has taken and professional expe-rience he has gained. Most countries have different groups of lawyers who each take a particular kind of examination in order to qualify to do particular jobs. In Japan, a lawyer must decide whether he wants to take the examination to become an attorney, a public prosecutor, or a judge, In England, the decision is between becoming a barrister or a solicitor. Barristers specialize in arguing cases in front of a judge and have the right to be heard, the right of audience, even in the highest courts. They are not paid directly by clients, but are employed by solicitors. Judges are usually chosen from the most senior barristers, and once appointed they cannot continue to practice as barristers. Solicitors do much of the initial preparation for cases which they then hand to barristers, as well as handling legal work which does not come before a court, such as drawing up wills, and dealing with litigation which is settled out of court. Solicitors also have a right of audience in lower courts, but in higher courts, such as the Court of Appeal, they must have a barrister argue their client's case. In general, it can be said that barrister spends more of his time either in a courtroom or preparing his arguments for the court and a solicitor spends most of his time in an office giving advice to clients, making investigations and preparing documents. Many people believe the distinction between barristers and solicitors should be eliminated in England, as has already happened in Australia. The government is considering various proposals, but there are arguments for maintaining, as well as removing, the division. Even lawyers with the same qualifications and professional title may be doing very different kinds of work. Most towns in the United States, for example, have small firms of attorneys who are in daily contact with ordinary people, giving advice and acting on matters such as consumer affairs, traffic accident disputes and contracts for the sale of land. Some may also prepare defences for clients accused of crimes. However, in both the United States and other industrialized countries, lawyers are becoming more and more specialized. Working in small firms, lawyers now tend to restrict themselves to certain kinds of work, and lawyers working in large law firms or employed in the law department of a large commercial enterprise work on highly specific areas of law. One lawyer may be employed by a mining company just to prepare contracts for the supply of coal. Another may work for a newspaper advising the editors on libel matters, Another may be part of a Wall Street firm of over a hundred lawyers who specialize in advising stockbrokers on share transactions. As well as the type of work, the working conditions and pay among members of the legal profession also vary greatly. For some people, the image of a lawyer is someone who leads a very wealthy and comfortable life. However, it should not be forgotten that there are also lawyers whose lives are not so secure. The Wall Street attorney probably earns a high salary, but the small firm giving advice to members of the public on welfare rights or immigration procedures may have to restrict salaries in order to stay in business. There are lawyers in developing countries whose business with fee-paying clients subsidizes the work they agree to do for little or no payment for citizens 'rights groups. Lawyers involved in human rights may even find their profession is a dangerous one. Amnesty International research shows that more than 60 lawyers 150 - investigating cases against people accused of political crimes were murdered in 1990. In countries where the government ensures that all people have access to a lawyer in an emergency, there are firms that specialize in dealing with people who would not be able to pay for legal services out of their own pocket. For example, in England anyone facing criminal prosecution is entitled to choose a firm of lawyers to represent him. If his income is below a certain level he will not be asked to pay: the firm will keep a record of its costs and will apply to the government-funded Legal Aid Board for payment. Переведіть питання н тексту і дайте відповідь на них: 1. Who can be officially qualified to act as a lawyer? 2. Які існують відмінності в спеціалізації юристів в Японії і в Англії? 3. What is the difference between a barrister and a solicitor? 4. З якої групи юристи обирають суддів в Англії? 5 . What do solicitors do in everyday life? 6. У яких судах соліситори можуть брати участь у судових процесах? 7. What do many people believe in connection with the distinction between barris ters and solicitors in England? 8. Чому юристи стають все більше і більше "спеціалізованими"? 9. In what way are the lawyers becoming more and more specialized? 10. Чи існує різниця в робочих умовах і в оплаті юристів? 11. Profession of what lawyers is considered to be a dangerous one? 12 Хто оплачує юридичні послуги людям, які не можуть за них упла тить? COMMENTARY Іноді перекладачеві доводиться брати участь у радіообміну: на борту літака або корабля, в зоні дії місії або служби і т, д. Від перекладача може залежати життя людей і працездатність техніки. Якщо виникає така необхідність зв'язку борта літака або корабля з ведучою наземної радіостанцією, запит здійснюється наступним чином: запитується ведуча станція і дається свій почьтінпй. наприклад: L -Nicosia Control this is tango uniform three eight over;-TU three eight this is Nicosia Control go ahead; - Nicosia Control three eight flight level three zero thousand feet позивний TU-38; прийом; ешелон (польоту); розрахунковий час прибуття в .., Echo Tango Alfa Nicosia at zero three one five. Over; - Three eight Nicosia. Report over Bravo, Out; - Roger thank you. Out. TU Over flight level Echo lango Alfa (estimated lime of arrival) Roger - Report over Bravo - ясно, зрозуміло; доповісте проліт точки В ~ кінець зв'язку. Літерні позначення зазвичай передаються встановленим фонетичним алфавітом: A -Alfa N _ November У - Bravo 0 - Oscar З - Charlie p ~ Papa D - Delta Q - Quebec E Ecno R - Romeo F - Foxtrot s - Sierra G ~ Golf T - Tango H - Hotel і - Uniform I - India У - Victor J - JuJiett w - Whiskey до -Kilo X - X-ray L Uma Y - Yankee M - Mike и - Zuiu Числа передаються окремими знаками, в числах з десятковими знаками передається слово "кома" ("decimal", а не "comma"). У багатьох організаціях, що використовують радіообмін існують інструкції з радіобмену, з якими можна ознайомитися в разі потреби. t * J _Переведіте Письмово на слух: Message for Inspector Snow The Interpol delegation consisting of 4 officers is arriving at your location next Thursday, Please, arrange meeting and accommodation. Personnel Officer Stark КЗ Переведіть усно (рекомендується для перекладу з листа): Practising Lawyer In the English legal system a practising lawyer must hold one of two professional qualifications; s / he must either have been admitted to practise as a solicitor or have been called to the Bar as a barrister. This division of the legal profession is of long standing and each branch has its own characteristic functions as well as a separate governing body and professional rales. The barrister is usually thought of primarily as an advocate, since this is the work in which s / he is most often engaged. Until 1990, s / he had the virtually exclusive right of audience as an advocate before all the superior courts, and s / he can also appear in the inferior courts. When acting professionally, barristers are known as "counsel". In total there were, in 1991, 6, 901 banisters in practice, a number which is just about small enough to make this branch of the profession a closely-knit unit. This point is significant, bearing in mind that the senior judges in the English legal system have; until now, been drawn exclusively from the ranks of experienced counsel. Переведіть на слух у швидкому темпі: Indictment, судовий пристав, law of tort, державний обвинувач, to make investigation, судовий розгляд, to make a formal accusation, безумовне поручительство, conditional bail, розглядати апеляції, misdemeanour, угода, legal obligation, безкоштовна юридична допомога, civil procedure, школа підготовки барристеров, right of audience, змінювати рішення, to advise clients, кримінальні та цивільні питання, in 1986, наступного року, on Thursdays, May 20, 15-го жовтня, last week, правомочність. Fjl Переведіть пропозиції на англійську мову: 1. Його брат буде баристером, якщо здасть відповідні іспити. 2. Як називається юрист, який виступає в суді від імені відповідача, іст ца або звинувачення? 3. Хто з юристів консультує клієнтів і готує справи до слухання? 4. Якби Ви тоді звернулися до суду. Ви б виграли справу, а зараз вже занадто пізно. Ви втратили багато часу. 5. Якщо вина відповідача буде доведена, його посадять у в'язницю на п'ять років. Про Переведіть текст на англійську мову (рекомендується для зорово-усного н зорово-письмового перекладу):
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Інформація, релевантна "LESSON 20 LAWYERS AT WORK " |
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